Foreign Demand for Euro Banknotes

Blessing or curse? Foreign and underground demand for euro notes

OECD currency supply. Although dollar holdings appear to exceed DM holdings by a factor of four, the advent of the euro may change this balance. Indeed, by issuing large-denomination notes of 100, 200 and 500, the European Central Bank appears to be well poised to challenge the dominance of the ubiquitous US $100 note. However, large-denomination notes are also extremely popular in the OECD und...

Forgery Detection and Value Identification of Euro Banknotes

This paper describes both hardware and software components to detect counterfeits of Euro banknotes. The proposed system is also able to recognize the banknote values. Differently than other state-of-the-art methods, the proposed approach makes use of banknote images acquired with a near infrared camera to perform recognition and authentication. This allows one to build a system that can effect...

Counterfeit Detection and Value Recognition of Euro Banknotes

This paper describes both hardware and software components to detect counterfeits of Euro banknotes. The system is also able to recognize the banknote values. The proposed method makes use of images acquired with near infrared camera and works without mechanical parts. This makes the overall system low-cost. The effectiveness of the proposed solution has been properly tested on a dataset compos...

The Proposed Mathematical Models For Decision- Making And Forecasting On Euro- Yen In Foreign Exchange Market

The demand for M3 in the euro area

In this paper, an empirically stable money demand model for M3 in the euro area is constructed. Starting with a multivariate system, three cointegrating relationships with economic content are found: (i) the spread between the longand the short-term nominal interest rates, (ii) the long-term real interest rate, and (iii) a long-run demand for broad money M3. There is evidence that the determina...